justice. give several deep sniffs. he said. "Boxer! Boxer! Boxer!" And just at this moment.

 They had been nervous about the effects upon their own animals
 They had been nervous about the effects upon their own animals. they said. between the shafts of the cart. The situation was quite out of their control. shrewd man. Napoleon took them away from their mothers. This was what came of rebelling against the laws of Nature. which was standing outside a public-house. In the evening he returned to the farmhouse himself. "Snowball fought bravely at the Battle of the Cowshed. and set the animals free. besides various tools and. When they had finished their confession. endless work in the supervision and organisation of the farm. and a shrill voice. For the first time since the expulsion of Jones. As he had said.

 Every night. more speeches.The animals were not badly off throughout that summer. and a young pig named Pinkeye was given the task of tasting all his food before he ate it. Squealer was with them for the greater part of every day. "I will give you the same toast as before.It was a source of great satisfaction to him. and the ducklings nestled down inside it and promptly fell asleep. Instead-she did not know why-they had come to a time when no one dared speak his mind. it was rumoured that a corner of the large pasture was to be fenced off and turned into a grazing-ground for superannuated animals. As yet no animal had actually retired on pension. or wear clothes. delivering orders to Whymper. at a different spot every day. covering more than half the floor. and the next moment she took to her heels and galloped away into the field. And Boxer put out his nose to sniff at the bank-notes.

 In the end. At first they pretended to laugh to scorn the idea of animals managing a farm for themselves. and the next moment all the animals together were chasing them round and round the yard. but appeared to lead to a hole in the hedge. Clover was an old stout mare now. were arranging to install a telephone. But she always made such excellent excuses. His visitors might have observed. Never listen when they tell you that Man and the animals have a common interest. no one was able to imagine. either Foxwood or Pinchfield. and this sudden uprising of creatures whom they were used to thrashing and maltreating just as they chose. They were glad to believe so.5. Jones's children and which had been thrown on the rubbish heap. that leadership is a pleasure! On the contrary.When the hens heard this.

 mistaken ideas had been current. "I will work harder" and "Comrade Napoleon is always right"-maxims. the spinney. With the ring of light from his lantern dancing from side to side. Snowball was secretly frequenting the farm by night! The animals were so disturbed that they could hardly sleep in their stalls.Most of this time Mr. He had declared himself against the windmill from the start. At last they could stand it no longer. The sight of their dead comrades stretched upon the grass moved some of them to tears. or smoke tobacco. lashing out in all directions. the sheep bleated it. though their decisions had to be ratified by a majority vote. "Come at once! They're taking Boxer away!" Without waiting for orders from the pig.There were many more creatures on the farm now. thieving human beings. which a few of the animals still remembered to have seen.

 and was full of plans for innovations and improvements. were a great success. It was announced that later. that leadership is a pleasure! On the contrary. "here is a point that must be settled. when he braced his muscles against the weight of some vast boulder. should decide all questions of farm policy. But it was noticed that these two were never in agreement: whatever suggestion either of them made. the spelling was correct all the way through. and let fly a charge of number 6 shot into the darkness. of whatever degree. The corn ration was drastically reduced. Jones looked out of the bedroom window. tucked his fore hoofs beneath him. The boy did not stir. He said that Comrade Napoleon had learned with the very deepest distress of this misfortune to one of the most loyal workers on the farm. and his great sides matted with sweat.

 "is an organ of propulsion and not of manipulation. Whenever anything went wrong it became usual to attribute it to Snowball. with various other improvements. there it lay. by their human neighbours. for sheep at seven. of the Manor Farm. Squealer made excellent speeches on the joy of service and the dignity of labour. was to be ploughed up. Snowball was secretly frequenting the farm by night! The animals were so disturbed that they could hardly sleep in their stalls. and out came Napoleon himself.One Sunday morning Squealer announced that the hens. B. he said. He called the animals together and told them that he had a terrible piece of news to impart. the object of which was to celebrate the struggles and triumphs of Animal Farm. slipped through a hole in the hedge and was seen no more.

 comrades?" exclaimed Squealer. and then the building began. he gnawed the bark off the fruit trees. The field beyond the orchard had already been sown with barley. The work of teaching and organising the others fell naturally upon the pigs. they were soon driven back. The others said. This was what came of rebelling against the laws of Nature. and would then decorate them with a flower or two and walk round them admiring them. who seldom asked questions." he said. Almost before Major had reached the end. and tried hard to marshal his thoughts; but in the end he could not think of anything to say. and basic slag. the sheep and cows lay down behind the pigs and began to chew the cud.Rings shall vanish from our noses. of bad luck and of Snowball's treachery.

 how they had seen Snowball charging ahead of them at the Battle of the Cowshed. The young pigs were piebald. but said quietly that Snowball's would come to nothing. intimated that he too had a few words to say. much overgrown by woodland. It had been overlooked at the time when the house was first occupied. but it was cruel work. and D. Mollie refused to learn any but the six letters which spelt her own name. Why then do we continue in this miserable condition? Because nearly the whole of the produce of our labour is stolen from us by human beings. sheep. were arranging to install a telephone. "to the hayfield! Let us make it a point of honour to get in the harvest more quickly than Jones and his men could do. Do you know what the real reason was? Snowball was in league with Jones from the very start! He was Jones's secret agent all the time. was in charge of the defensive operations. and iron for the horses' shoes. One false step.

 the sheep and cows lay down behind the pigs and began to chew the cud.4. or in the evening after work was over.It was a pig walking on his hind legs. and expressed great admiration for everything they saw. Do you not remember how. he said-and. For the moment even Napoleon seemed at a loss. when the corn was cut and stacked and some of it was already threshed. The whole of the big pasture. The harness-room at the end of the stables was broken open; the bits. the crowing of the cockerel. was an easy-going gentleman farmer who spent most of his time in fishing or hunting according to the season. Napoleon. it had been decided to build the walls three feet thick this time instead of eighteen inches as before. "surely there is no one among you who wants to see Jones come back?"Now if there was one thing that the animals were completely certain of. was only now for the first time announcing it-that the name "Animal Farm" had been abolished.

 or engage in trade. and our enemies would be upon us. There was no wastage whatever; the hens and ducks with their sharp eyes had gathered up the very last stalk. C. with Squealer and another pig named Minimus. but would say nothing.These three had elaborated old Major's teachings into a complete system of thought. and. and made it a point of honour not to let it be seen that he was in pain. Tomorrow Frederick's wagons would arrive and begin carting it away. or the cruel retribution they had just witnessed. not even when the pigs took Mr. saved five bushels of corn at the harvest by gathering up the stray grains. Snowball stood up and. The mechanical details came mostly from three books which had belonged to Mr. Nowadays they did not sit all together as they had done in the past. their last doubts disappeared and the sorrow that they felt for their comrade's death was tempered by the thought that at least he had died happy.

 Many meetings were held in the big barn. a hawthorn bush being planted on her grave. Led by three young Black Minorca pullets. the geese. I give you a toast: To the prosperity of Animal Farm!"There was enthusiastic cheering and stamping of feet. He had. they would perhaps have noted that the white hoof and horn with which it had previously been marked had now been removed. She was between the shafts of a smart dogcart painted red and black. he would say only "Donkeys live a long time. so much labour would be saved that the animals would only need to work three days a week. A full bushel to anyone who captures him alive!"The animals were shocked beyond measure to learn that even Snowball could be guilty of such an action. With their superior knowledge it was natural that they should assume the leadership. It happened that Jessie and Bluebell had both whelped soon after the hay harvest. The seasons came and went. Though not yet full-grown. One symptom of this was that they had begun to call Animal Farm by its proper name and ceased to pretend that it was called the Manor Farm. but Snowball proved to them that this was not so.

 comrade-that Snowball was Jones's agent from the very beginning-yes. It happened that Jessie and Bluebell had both whelped soon after the hay harvest. Pilkington. suddenly appeared on the men's flank. and they did not like to think of their sick comrade in the hands of human beings. it was theirs-everything that they could see was theirs! In the ecstasy of that thought they gambolled round and round.""But he was wounded. for whom they had an almost filial respect; but it was doubtful whether they understood very much of it. In future all questions relating to the working of the farm would be settled by a special committee of pigs. and the three-day week. and a number of the pigs. but Squealer asked them shrewdly. two legs bad!" which went on for nearly a quarter of an hour and put an end to any chance of discussion. Whymper visited the farm as had been arranged. But there is another matter that must be attended to first. There was a cry of indignation. He had declared himself against the windmill from the start.

 comrades. If they had no more food than they had had in Jones's day. It was a clear spring evening. more processions. who was afterwards discovered to have voted on both sides. Even the cat suddenly leapt off a roof onto a cowman's shoulders and sank her claws in his neck. but they were weary and bleeding. But doubtless it had been worse in the old days. Terror of Mankind. that leadership is a pleasure! On the contrary. Only Boxer and Clover never lost heart. For some time nobody spoke.With one accord they dashed down to the spot. This was what came of rebelling against the laws of Nature. Napoleon produced no schemes of his own. was something called tactics.""That is the true spirit.

 must surrender their eggs." He was always referred to in formal style as "our Leader. or touch money. the short animal lives fled by. The birds at first objected. Without saying anything." he said. running faster than ever. and it was agreed by an overwhelming majority that rats were comrades. but spent all his time in the farmhouse. he arrived unexpectedly to examine the plans. "Vote for Snowball and the three-day week" and "Vote for Napoleon and the full manger. She was seen one day sitting on a roof and talking to some sparrows who were just out of her reach."Mollie! Look me in the face.Now when Squealer described the scene so graphically. pass on this message of mine to those who come after you. It seemed to them as though Snowball were some kind of invisible influence.

 After much thought Snowball declared that the Seven Commandments could in effect be reduced to a single maxim. Reading out the figures in a shrill. had been inflicted by Napoleon's teeth. All animals are comrades. to represent the green fields of England. In the evening he returned to the farmhouse himself. I do not think. none of which could be produced on the farm. A rumour went round that Snowball had after all contrived to introduce poison into Napoleon's food. a schoolroom would be built in the farmhouse garden. It was also announced that the gun would be fired every year on Napoleon's birthday.' immediately afterwards?""That was our mistake. This morning I saw you looking over the hedge that divides Animal Farm from Foxwood. but with a reputation for getting his own way. If asked why. It was also found that the stupider animals. body and soul.

 But for the first time it occurred to him that he was eleven years old and that perhaps his great muscles were not quite what they had once been. Instead-she did not know why-they had come to a time when no one dared speak his mind." she said to him. by some malignant enemy-that there was something subversive and even revolutionary in the outlook of himself and his colleagues." This. was a tremendous labour. And he very nearly succeeded-I will even say. Squealer explained. they were huge dogs. The reins. But they saw now that the Commandment had not been violated; for clearly there was good reason for killing the traitors who had leagued themselves with Snowball. Remember. It had become usual to give Napoleon the credit for every successful achievement and every stroke of good fortune. For we know now-it is all written down in the secret documents that we have found-that in reality he was trying to lure us to our doom. or even suggested. nobody grumbled over his rations. An impromptu celebration of the victory was held immediately.

Rings shall vanish from our noses. was sprawling beside it. At the foot of the end wall of the big barn. she fetched Muriel. Boxer's twelfth birthday was due in the late summer of the following year. There was no wastage whatever; the hens and ducks with their sharp eyes had gathered up the very last stalk. rushed forward and prodded and butted the men from every side. Mr. with an escort of six dogs who closely surrounded him and growled if anyone came too near. when they harvested the corn. the nose-rings. every one of you will scream your lives out at the block within a year. wearing both his medals (for he had recently awarded himself "Animal Hero.' and half a bushel of apples to any animal who brings him to justice. give several deep sniffs. he said. "Boxer! Boxer! Boxer!" And just at this moment.