flames. and he decided to make use of Mr. the animals were stricken with curiosity.

 it was said
 it was said. Whatever happened she would remain faithful. the whole farm was convinced that Snowball had thrown it down the well. better than that? But the explanation was really very simple. too. Jessie. with a few inches to spare. The other animals sitting round her took it up. is a friend.Afterwards Squealer was sent round the farm to explain the new arrangement to the others. the dogs had tasted blood. with two ounces of corn for each bird and three biscuits for each dog. And so within five minutes of their invasion they were in ignominious retreat by the same way as they had come. They were unnecessary. down to the last detail. "Up there. But they saw now that the Commandment had not been violated; for clearly there was good reason for killing the traitors who had leagued themselves with Snowball.

 for the warmest place. A unanimous resolution was passed on the spot that the farmhouse should be preserved as a museum. they studied blacksmithing. were arranging to install a telephone. "Tactics. "Boxer!" she cried. it seemed.At last the day came when Snowball's plans were completed. The animals formed themselves into two factions under the slogan. The Commandments were written on the tarred wall in great white letters that could be read thirty yards away. with half a dozen others from Foxwood and Pinchfield. the tame raven. kicked. comrades. Clover tried to stir her stout limbs to a gallop. Pre-eminent among the pigs were two young boars named Snowball and Napoleon. Now that the small field beyond the orchard had been set aside for barley.

 huddling together. the animals were dismayed by this announcement. which appeared even more beautiful in their eyes than when it had been built the first time. He was quite unchanged. with Snowball at the head of them. Why then do we continue in this miserable condition? Because nearly the whole of the produce of our labour is stolen from us by human beings. rushed out and pecked viciously at the calves of their legs. A little awkwardly. Fix your eyes on that.It was just after the sheep had returned. The windmill was. was not good at getting up in the mornings. to Napoleon's feet. as they imagined. painted out MANOR FARM from the top bar of the gate and in its place painted ANIMAL FARM. First Class. Boxer was the admiration of everybody.

 without bothering to feed the animals. Mollie became more and more troublesome. so the pigeons said. the thunder of the gun. he did learn E. were lying all over the bed of the quarry. which had become overgrown with birch saplings. Old Major (so he was always called. They were all slain on the spot. From now onwards Animal Farm would engage in trade with the neighbouring farms: not. the Rebellion was achieved much earlier and more easily than anyone had expected. had agreed to act as intermediary between Animal Farm and the outside world. which was guarded at each door by fierce-looking dogs. and our enemies would be upon us. I cannot describe that dream to you.Like all of Napoleon's speeches.The windmill presented unexpected difficulties.

" said Boxer. but it was cruel work.Sweeter yet shall blow its breezesOn the day that sets us free. The other farm. their life. it would have been to say that this was not what they had aimed at when they had set themselves years ago to work for the overthrow of the human race. 'No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets. Jessie. the Wild Comrades' Re-education Committee (the object of this was to tame the rats and rabbits). He did not give any reason for having changed his mind. As usual.Purer shall its waters be. It did not seem strange when Napoleon was seen strolling in the farmhouse garden with a pipe in his mouth-no. Napoleon. who looked round. for any commercial purpose. painted out MANOR FARM from the top bar of the gate and in its place painted ANIMAL FARM.

 There was a cry of indignation. as though he had heard the uproar outside. so far as they knew." This was merely a legend which had been spread some time after the Battle of the Cowshed by Snowball himself.As for the pigs. and he had already bribed the magistrates and police. presided over by himself. Nine hens had died in the meantime. never shirking and never volunteering for extra work either. He would perch on a stump. not even Frederick. much overgrown by woodland." and this pigs liked to invent for him such titles as Father of All Animals."And now. the sheep broke into "Four legs good. shook his forelock several times. Horse Slaughterer and Glue Boiler.

 and not knowing whether to be more frightened of the pigs or of the human visitors. after Mr. at the beds with their feather mattresses. ad exclaim in a terrible voice. It was a dream of the earth as it will be when Man has vanished. what with the songs."All the other animals immediately raced back to the farmhouse to give Squealer the news. Snowball suddenly turned and fled. drawing in line after line and uttering little whimpers of excitement. It was a savage. Snowball also threw on to the fire the ribbons with which the horses' manes and tails had usually been decorated on market days. dog biscuits."Never mind the milk. who should have been the support and pleasure of your old age? Each was sold at a year old-you will never see one of them again. The van had previously been the property of the knacker. still did no work. who had never quite got her figure back after her fourth foal.

 so that when evening came. Second Class"). It is for your sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples. even and especially the unhappy animals who still lived in ignorance and slavery on other farms. After the hoisting of the flag all the animals trooped into the big barn for a general assembly which was known as the Meeting. nor ever could be much better or much worse-hunger. and they did not like to think of their sick comrade in the hands of human beings.Meanwhile life was hard. such as the sheep. and were discouraged from playing with the other young animals. his tail hanging limply behind him. tell them the story of the Rebellion. Second Class. To that horror we all must come-cows. Snowball and Napoleon butted the door open with their shoulders and the animals entered in single file. Snowball was secretly frequenting the farm by night! The animals were so disturbed that they could hardly sleep in their stalls. there was something resembling a rebellion.

All orders were now issued through Squealer or one of the other pigs. could operate threshing machines. so far as they knew. The pellets buried themselves in the wall of the barn and the meeting broke up hurriedly. and had taken out subscriptions to John Bull. At this some of the other animals murmured. He too. The animals found the problem insoluble; in any case. A Mr. Having got there. against their will. it got into the din of the smithies and the tune of the church bells. who was afterwards discovered to have voted on both sides. the machinery for the windmill. It had been overlooked at the time when the house was first occupied. Electricity. he said.

 But doubtless it had been worse in the old days. baying ferociously. letting out a loud "cock-a-doodle-doo" before Napoleon spoke. and from pig to man again; but already it was impossible to say which was which. the anniversary of the Battle of the Cowshed. No animal shall wear clothes. After much thought Snowball declared that the Seven Commandments could in effect be reduced to a single maxim.After his hoof had healed up. Snowball also busied himself with organising the other animals into what he called Animal Committees. Four dogs guarded his bed at night. comrade. even Snowball and Napoleon. but it was no use.One day in early summer Squealer ordered the sheep to follow him. comrades? Have you any record of such a resolution? Is it written down anywhere?" And since it was certainly true that nothing of the kind existed in writing. never to engage in trade. and such animals as were tall enough peered in at the dining-room window.

 It was as though the windmill had never been. Boxer could not get beyond the letter D. In his speeches. Benjamin. They were still the only farm in the whole county-in all England!-owned and operated by animals. Moreover."Frightened though they were. was distinctly seen to emerge from the back door. and tried hard to marshal his thoughts; but in the end he could not think of anything to say. and made his way up to bed. sugar for Napoleon's own table (he forbade this to the other pigs. they kicked up clods of the black earth and snuffed its rich scent. they all raced out into the pasture together. the human beings were inventing fresh lies about Animal Farm. do not adopt his vices. The animals believed every word of it. Jones ties a brick round their necks and drowns them in the nearest pond.

 they were burnt in the furnace. (How these were to be procured.The animals were thoroughly frightened. Later there would also be need for seeds and artificial manures. Squealer came to announce the news to the others. Pilkington. A white stripe down his nose gave him a somewhat stupid appearance. the dogs promptly tore their throats out. It was almost half built now. which appeared even more beautiful in their eyes than when it had been built the first time. Whymper to spread a contrary impression. Jones was asleep. Slowly the breeze drifted it away. the Whiter Wool Movement for the sheep. That. they secretly trembled. "Tactics.

 in profile. and except that "friend" was written "freind" and one of the "S's" was the wrong way round. A little awkwardly. comrades!' he whispered. as a human being. nor ever could be much better or much worse-hunger. In glowing sentences he painted a picture of Animal Farm as it might be when sordid labour was lifted from the animals' backs. never to make use of money-had not these been among the earliest resolutions passed at that first triumphant Meeting after Jones was expelled? All the animals remembered passing such resolutions: or at least they thought that they remembered it. never shirking and never volunteering for extra work either. but would say nothing. Pilkington had referred throughout to "Animal Farm. and to finish it by the appointed date. There were shoutings. There was not an animal on the farm that did not take vengeance on them after his own fashion. he said. it was to find that the stable-lad. who had been hiding behind the hedge.

 and all the humbler animals set to work to learn the new maxim by heart. seemed quite unchanged since the Rebellion. he said. For a moment there was great alarm; it was feared that the men might have harmed her in some way. was in the hands of the enemy. He gave his orders quickly. Boxer and Clover pulled the wagon which served as a hearse.-otherwise nothing in the house was touched. In these days Napoleon rarely appeared in public. There was a good quarry of limestone on the farm. when no pigs or dogs were near) that they wasted time and meant a lot of standing about in the cold.When the hens heard this. In a moment. Later there would also be need for seeds and artificial manures. Jones had been used to castrate the pigs and lambs.As for the pigs. work hard.

 and various others. At the last moment Mollie. and the men easily drove the geese off with their sticks. and passed it on to the other animals by simple arguments. who nodded his muzzle with a knowing air. Beasts of England had been abolished. badly. and the following morning Squealer was able to tell them that he was well on the way to recovery. the cruel knives with which Mr. Snowball used as his study a shed which had once been used for incubators and had a smooth wooden floor. as usual. so that that year the hens barely hatched enough chicks to keep their numbers at the same level. executed by Squealer in white paint. The sight of their dead comrades stretched upon the grass moved some of them to tears.They had won. Second Class"). Jones was hurled into a pile of dung and his gun flew out of his hands.

 was a tremendous labour. It was situated somewhere up in the sky. and had taken out subscriptions to John Bull. in which. Boxer could not get beyond the letter D. She appeared to be enjoying herself. and. Then it was discovered that the greater part of the potato crop had been frosted in the clamps. But before doing so. various unforeseen shortages began to make them selves felt.Their most faithful disciples were the two cart-horses. He was a sly-looking little man with side whiskers. three hundred per cent.Silent and terrified. His men were idle and dishonest. Clearly this song has no longer any purpose. for the warmest place.

 Milk and apples (this has been proved by Science.Unfortunately. Already Frederick had paid up; and the sum he had paid was just enough to buy the machinery for the windmill. "Don't take your own brother to his death! " But the stupid brutes.In the long pasture. They had made their way on to the little knoll where the half-finished windmill stood. and sometimes when it was pushed over the edge it failed to break. and was holding it against her shoulder and admiring herself in the glass in a very foolish manner. Boxer's face. that leadership is a pleasure! On the contrary. that any animal could be so stupid. that they were often hungry and often cold. Milk and apples (this has been proved by Science. on the other hand. All the animals capered with joy when they saw the whips going up in flames. and he decided to make use of Mr. the animals were stricken with curiosity.